SPACE | NASA’s spacecraft arrives at asteroid Bennu
The United States space agency NASA’s spacecraft OSIRIS-REx rendezvoused with its targeted ancient asteroid Bennu after a two-year space travel.
WASHINGTON — The United States space agency NASA’s spacecraft OSIRIS-REx rendezvoused with its targeted ancient asteroid Bennu on Monday after a two-year space travel.
The asteroid probing spacecraft fired the thruster for a small burn at about 12:08 EST, flying closer to the near-earth rock, about 20 kilometer away, so close that NASA called it an arrival.
It kicked off its year-long investigation on the carbon-rich asteroid which may impact Earth 200 years away and lend clues to how life evolved in early days of our planet.
Achievement unlocked and “we have arrived,” NASA announced on its official Twitter account.
OSIRIS-REx, launched in September 2016, will come even closer to Bennu in the coming month and spend almost one year scrutinizing the asteroid before select a location that is safe and scientifically valuable to collect the sample.
After that, the spacecraft will move in close, extend its sampling arm, and touch the asteroid’s surface for just five seconds, using nitrogen gas to stir up and collect at least 60 grams of loose material.
The spacecraft’s full name, Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security-Regolith Explorer, has revealed its major tasks. It is expected to return the sample to Earth in September 2023, according to NASA.
Bennu’s orbit runs between those of Earth and of Mars instead of in the farther asteroid belt between those of Mars and Jupiter.
Bennu, now about 122 million kilometers from Earth, orbits around the Sun every 1.2 years and comes very close to Earth every six years, rendering a probability of colliding with Earth in the late 22nd century.
Another reason Bennu is chosen among over 500,000 known asteroids in the Solar System is its carbon-rich composition. The primitive asteroids like Bennu resemble what Earth looked like when life began, containing organic molecules, volatiles, and amino acids that may have been the precursors to life on Earth.
Also, the mission to visit Bennu can provide scientists with a rare window to look back at the beginnings of Earth’s solar system, said Jay McMahon, an assistant professor of aerospace engineering at Colorado University (CU) Boulder.
Bennu is a rare B-type asteroid because it is so primitive that have not significantly changed since they formed nearly 4.5 billion years ago.
“One of the big draws for asteroids is that they’re leftovers from the formation of the solar system,” said McMahon, a co-investigator on the mission. “Bennu is a building block of the planets that didn’t end up in a planet.”
“Right now, there’s a lot of uncertainty,” said Daniel Scheeres, also a professor with CU Boulder. “Soon, those uncertainties are going to collapse down to show us what this body is like.”
Monday’s arrival came after Japan’s asteroid explorer Hayabusa2, launched in 2014, released two small robotic rovers on the asteroid Ryugu in September.
Both Bennu and Ryugu are near-earth asteroid, with a diameter of about 500 meters and 900 meters respectively.
